Reasons For the Bar Kochba Revolt

Killing more than half a million Jews and destroying almost a thousand villages, the Bar Kochba Revolt (132-35) was a major event in Jewish history and a blotch on the reputation of the good emperor Hadrian. The revolt was named for a man called Shimon, on coins, Bar Kosibah, on papyrus, Bar Kozibah, on rabbinic literature, and Bar Kokhba, in Christian writing. Bar Kochba was the messianic leader of the rebel Jewish forces. The rebels may have held land south of Jerusalem and Jericho and north of Hebron and Masada. They may have reached into Samaria, Galilee, Syria, and Arabia. They survived (as long as they did) by means of caves, used for weapons storage and hiding, and tunnels. Letters from Bar Kochba were found in the caves of Wadi Murabbaat around the same time archaeologists and Bedouins were discovering the Dead Sea Scroll caves. [Source:​ The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Biography, by John J. Collins; Princeton: 2012.] The war was very bloody on both sides, so much so that Hadrian failed to declare a triumph when he returned to Rome at the revolts conclusion. Why Did the Jews Rebel? Why did the Jews rebel when it must have seemed likely the Romans would defeat them, as they had before? Suggested reasons are outrage over Hadrians prohibitions and actions. CircumcisionCircumcision was a vital part of the Jewish identity and it is possible Hadrian made it illegal for Jews to practice this custom, and not just with proselytes. In the Historia Augusta Pseudo-Spartianus says Hadrians prohibition against genital mutilation caused the revolt (Life of Harian 14.2). Genital mutilation could mean either castration or circumcision (or both). [Source: Peter Schafer The Bar Kochba Revolt and Circumcision: Historical Evidence and Modern Apologetics 1999]. This position is challenged. See: Negotiating Difference: Genital Mutilation in Roman Slave Law and the History of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, by Raanan Abusch, in The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome, edited by Peter Schafer; 2003. SacrilegeThe second to third century Greek-writing Roman historian Cassius Dio (Roman History 69.12) said it was Hadrians decision to rename Jerusalem Aelia Capitolina, to establish a Roman colony there, and to build a pagan temple. A complication of this is the possible retraction of a promise by Hadrian to rebuild the Jewish Temple. References: Axelrod, Alan. Little-Known Wars of Great and Latin Impact. Fair Winds Press, 2009. The Archaeology of Roman Palestine, by Mark Alan Chancey and Adam Lowry Porter. Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec. 2001), pp. 164-203. The bar Kokhba Revolt: The Roman Point of View, by Werner Eck. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 89 (1999), pp. 76-89 The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Biography, by John J. Collins; Princeton: 2012. Peter Schafer The Bar Kochba Revolt and Circumcision: Historical Evidence and Modern Apologetics 1999

Essay On Love And Hate In 1984 - 1107 Words

Two of the strongest emotions you experience in life are love and hate. Love and hate is the foundation of all feelings because the things you do every day can be something you love or something you hate. George Orwells novel 1984 pursues love and hate by addressing them throughout the novel. It shows that a society based on hate can survive because they are manipulated by their dictator â€Å"Big Brother.† The foundation of hate influences a persons actions which can control their love and hate that leads to uncertain circumstances. A society based on hate can survive because everything is structured the way their dictator wants it to be, they are taught a certain way to live and they have to abide by that. Everything that people do in†¦show more content†¦When they did get caught, they were in shock because someone that they trusted rebelled against them and either told Big Brother or they were undercover, they had a telescreen in the room that was meant to not h ave anything that Big Brother could see. Love and hate throughout 1984 comes and goes, but they dont want to show it towards anyone or anything else that can lead to horrible things for them. Winston in the novel doesnt like Big Brother but he doesnt want to show it to everyone because then he can get reported to the thought police, they take you to room 101 and take your life and everything you know will be gone. â€Å"You’re a traitor!† yelled the boy. â€Å"You’re a thought criminal! You’re Eurasian spy! I’ll shoot you, I’ll vaporize you, I’ll send you to the salt mines!†(Orwell 23). The kids thought it was a game to turn in everyone in that they could because they get rewarded and the kids didnt know that it was bad for the adults. The thought police would take in anyone that the kids would turn in because that was taught to the children if you find anything suspicious then turn them in. Big Brother taught this to everyone as they got older because they needed no one to rebel. So Big Brother created this and everyone hated each other because no one could trust what others say or tell you. Hate in 1984 is like The Grinch and how he didnt like Christmas because everyone he tried to makeShow MoreRelated1984 War Is Peace995 Words   |  4 Pages1984 essay. War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. This is the slogan of the Ministry of Truth, a branch of the totalitarian government in post-war London. The figurehead of this government is Big Brother, who employs a vast army of informers called the Thought Police who watch and listen to every citizen at all times through a device called a telescreen for the least signs of criminal deviation or unorthodox thoughts. This novel, like Orwell’s earlier work Animal Farm andRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four1651 Words   |  7 Pagesillustrated the plot of the story in an entertaining way, but also gave me an insight of my central research question of propaganda. After completing this graphic novel, I gained more understanding of propaganda, including how and why it is used in 1984. Those ideas benefitted me on answering my central research question later in the project. Medium 2: Dossier This dossier was made for the main character Winston Smith and is written from the Thought Police’s point of view. Thinking from the Party’sRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1540 Words   |  7 Pagesancestors (Critical Insights:Alice Walker). The lessons she was taught as a child as well as her personal struggles with self confidence has shaped her writing style as wells as outlook on life.Which calls for her   abstract acclaimed writing that many love today. 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This essay is due the first day of school. 1. Describe Winston’s character as it relates to his attitude toward the Party. In what ways might his fatalistic streak contribute to his ultimate downfall? Cite examples from the text to prove your opinions. 2. How does technology affect the Party’s ability to control its citizensRead MoreOutline Of A Comparative Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesSkylar Windholz English 12 Period 5 Outline for Comparative Essay Topic Sentence #1: The novels are seen as a warning sign for future generations about the consequences of technology, science, and uncontrolled power. Topic sentence: 1984 focuses on the uncontrolled power of the state. â€Å"In the end the party would announce that two and two make five, and you would have to believe it† (page 80). The party was absolute to the point that anything they said and did would eventually become true. â€Å"ThisRead MoreEssay on George Orwell’s 1984 and the National Security Agency (NSA)678 Words   |  3 Pagesmonitors everything it can, including our own citizens in the United States. This â€Å"scandal† had a lot of air time for many months, and is still in the news today. The revelation of what the NSA is doing behind our backs is what made the basis of this essay, and made me think of how similar this entire situation is to Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nineteen Eighty-Four is a novel which was released in 1949, and has had massive success, reaching best-sellers list on popular websites like Amazon, among others.Read MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Orwell 2993 Words   |  12 PagesSynopsis 1984 by George Orwell takes place in London, which is in a totalitarian country called Oceania and is about a man named Winston Smith who is an irrelevant member of the ruling party, or the â€Å"Party.† He is very frustrated about the Party’s great oppression because it controls everything from language to the nation’s history. Thoughts against the country, or â€Å"thoughtcrimes†, are considered illegal, one of the worst crimes, and punishable by death. The Party forces people to refrain from usingRead MoreRewriting History, Marxist Elements in Orwells 1984 and Their Outcome on Love2054 Words   |  9 PagesHistory. Marxist Elements and their Outcome on Love in Orwell’s 1984 George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian novel which presents an exagerated version of a totalitarian regime which not only controlled everything but which also could not be removed by any means. Orwell’s novel drew attention, back in 1949 when the novel was published, upon how this world would look like if a totalitarian regime would truly take over. My aim for this essay is to analyze Orwell’s novel with respect to the

Its Time to Legalize Drugs Essay - 3002 Words

No one can honestly claim that current American drug policies have been a success. To the contrary, the current policy of drug prohibition, aside from being ineffective and costly, has created a set of unwanted consequences including: a high prison population of non-violent offenders, corruption within law enforcement, health issues, and an erosion of civil liberties . Albert Einstein said, â€Å"Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results.† Yet despite the failures of the current policy in deterring drug use that is just what the government is choosing to do. It’s time to consider a different approach to the drug issue. An approach that will address drug use in an innovative way while solving the†¦show more content†¦(Office of National Drug Control Policy) With numbers like these it’s clear that the current drug policy is not only costly, but ineffective at preventing drug use. The high number of drug users combined w ith the nation’s tough drug laws has helped make the US the world’s leading jailer. By the end of 2008 2,304,115 people were incarcerated according to a December 2009 report by the US Bureau of Justice Statistics. Drug offenders accounting for 22% of the US prison population according to an article titled â€Å"Incarcerated in America† on the Human Rights Watch Website. The cost to house an inmate averages about $35,000 a year, according to a New York Times article by Jennifer Steinhauer. When all that money is added up that’s a lot of money which could very easily be used in better ways instead of pursuing and jailing non-violent drug offenders. In countries with more liberal drug policies such as the Netherlands, where cannabis has been decriminalized and where drug use is seen not as a criminal issue but as a health issue, drug use is actually much lower than the US. According to the United Nations only 5.2% of those 12 and over in the Netherlands have used drugs in the past year. (Martin) Thanks in large part to the Netherlands’ approach to drug education , which sees drug experimentation as part of normal growing up and thus aims at providing the youth with â€Å"the most accurate information possible so they will know what they’re getting into.†Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana1006 Words   |  5 Pagespolitics today. There are many good arguments on why Marijuana should be Legalize and my argument is based on facts and supporting details to prove why Marijuana should be legalize. The Legalization of Marijuana would be profitable to our government and economy, according to Evan Wood who is the founder of the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy; The U.S taxpayers have spent an estimated $2.5 trillion on the war on drugs. 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That goes the same for prescribed drugs that are not yours. As for the case of marijuana, I don’t agree. I think marijuana is no more dangerous f than drinking or smoking regular cigarettes. I see marijuan a as a recreational drug. A drug that is legalRead MoreEssay Steroid Legalization Rebuttal811 Words   |  4 PagesRebuttal Article â€Å"Why it’s time to legalize steroids in professional sports† written by Chris Smith of Forbes Magazine argues that to level the playing field of professional sports it would be beneficial to legalize the use of performance enhancing drugs. Mr. Smith’s ideals that professional sports would be a fairer, more entertaining version of itself if performance enhancing drugs were legal, is an incredibly irresponsible and impudent declaration. 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Suryadev free essay sample

The ATM machine provides limited banking facility to withdraw and deposit cash 24 ours a day and 7 days a week. Another feature of ATM is that it is auto driven and no clerk or bank teller is required to be posted there with the machine. The ATM Card consists of a plastic material visiting card size card with a strip of magnetic material or in latest card designs it will contain a chip fabricate on it too along with the magnetic strip on the card. The ATM card also contains a Outvote C.V. (Card Verification Value Code) code for security reasons.A Personal Identification number (PIN) is required to be entered to avail the service. The PIN code is supplied to the customer when they first receive the card and the customer is required to store it safely to avoid possible misuse of the card. (Cornelia Robot. 1969). In case of ATM machine usages certain extra security measures are adopted like entering the PIN code. We will write a custom essay sample on Suryadev or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The PIN code is NOT written on card and is uniquely allotted to the card customer and customer can change it at will. In case credit card is stolen the theft card cannot be used for transactions as PIN is only known to the actual user of the card. This feature is like a password to enter a secured area. This means that not only availability of credit card is necessary for ATM transactions but the secret PIN code is also mandatory and in case of absence of either no transaction process can be completed. There are four major ATM states 1. START: Enter customer ID 2. PIN: Enter PIN 3. ACCOUNT: select account 4. TRANSACT: select transaction Repeat Problem 1. For a telephone switching system that routes calls through a switching network based on the telephone number requested by the caller. Solution: On a telephone switching system, each extension is unique ID and calls are routed to he extension as per the ID already allotted to the extension. For example if 202 is allotted to a line lying in room no 50 reserved for Assistant Manager then all calls dialing 202 extension would be routed to the Jumper / extension lying with ID 202 lying in room No. 50.Each calling end and called end thus connected to each other for communication purposes regardless of other connections. The communication if occurs over the internet then it is encrypted for security purposes before it leaves the caller and before it is received at the receiving end. Problem 1. 4 For each of the following assets, assign a low, moderate, or high impact level for the loss of confidentiality, availability, and integrity, respectively. Justify your answers. An organization managing public information on its Web server.A law enforcement organization managing extremely sensitive investigative information. A financial organization managing routine administrative information (not privacy- related information). Solutions: An organization managing public information on its Web server. Solution: The security of the private information lying on the web server is of great importance. The impact of loss or theft or breach of confidential information is high. Because the security flaw would affect countless users and this would affect the customers at large.A law enforcement organization managing extremely sensitive investigative information. Solution: Similarly law enforcement organizations hold extremely sensitive investigation information that if revealed or hacked would be of grave consequences for the country as whole. It could put the security at risk and could create heavy loss. Thus protecting the information by using encryption techniques like hash and others is tutee vital to be used in the case of law enforcement agencies. A financial organization managing routine administrative information (not privacy- related information).Solution: In todays world the private data of any organization is important to compete rivals in business. The keep the administrative information secret is important to ensure integrity of the proper functionality of the organization. The administrative information might contain vital information leading to ways to explore the private and confidential financial information of clients hence security, safety and integrity of he administrative information of the financial organization is of high importance and cannot be put aside.An information system used for large acquisitions in a contracting organization contains both sensitive, pre-solicitation phase contract information and routine administrative information. Assess the impact for the two data sets separately and the information system as a whole. Solution: Routine administrative information is of medium importance as the only protection required to secure the information is for rivals and other information is of not much SE by the invaders. Furthermore sensitive information and pre-solicitation phase contact information is important to be secured as the business future plan would affect and rivals can steal information to make loss to the organization. Power plant contains a SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system controlling the distribution of electric power for a large military installation. The SCADA system contains both real-time sensor data and routine administrative information. Assess the impact for the two data sets separately and the information yester as a whole.